新刊『マダガスカルのハイランド地方における奴隷と本質主義－民族学、歴史学、認識の観点から－』‟Slavery and Essentialism in Highland Madagascar: Ethnography, History, Cognition”
This book explores the prejudice against slave descendants in highland Madagascar and its persistence more than a century after the official abolition of slavery.
‘Unclean people’ is a widespread expression in the southern highlands of Madagascar, and refers to people of alleged slave descent who are discriminated against on a daily basis and in a variety of ways. Denis Regnier shows that prejudice is rooted in a strong case of psychological essentialism: free descendants think that ‘slaves’ have a ‘dirty’ essence that is impossible to cleanse. Regnier’s field experiments question the widely accepted idea that the social stigma against slavery is a legacy of pre-colonial society. He argues, to the contrary, that the essentialist construal of ‘slaves’ is the outcome of the historical process triggered by the colonial abolition of slavery: whereas in pre-abolition times slaves could be cleansed through ritual means, the abolition of slavery meant that slaves were transformed only superficially into free persons, while their inner essence remained unchanged and became progressively constructed as ‘forever unchangeable’.
新刊『1580年から1750年におけるイギリスの奴隷とバルバリア海賊』‟British Slaves and Barbary Corsairs, 1580-1750”
This is the first comprehensive study of the thousands of Britons captured and enslaved in North Africa in the early modern period, charting their lives from capture to eventual liberation, death in Barbary, or for a lucky few, escape. It outlines the character of Barbary’s government and society, the world of the corsairs, and the wider context of Mediterranean slavery. Using letters from slaves and accounts by former slaves, the book describes the trauma of the slave market, the lives of galley-slaves and labourers, and the fate of female captives. It explores the significance of their faith for some captives, especially puritans, but shows how a significant minority apostatized and accepted Islam, seduced by promises or hoping to ease their conditions. For them, and for other Britons who joined the corsairs voluntarily, identity became fluid and multilayered. The book also explores in depth how ransoms were raised by families and by state-sponsored charitable collections, and how redemptions were organized by merchants, consuls, and other intermediaries. Most families were too poor to raise a ransom, and the state came under intense pressure to intervene. The book shows how from the mid-seventeenth century, the state practised a form of ‘gunboat diplomacy’ that eventually curbed the corsairs. The Barbary corsairs posed a threat to all European powers, and the book places the British story within the wider context of Mediterranean slavery, which saw Moors and Christians as both captors and captives.
新刊『ハバナ占領－戦争、貿易、大西洋世界の奴隷』‟The Occupation of Havana: War, Trade, and Slavery in the Atlantic World”
In 1762, British forces mobilized more than 230 ships and 26,000 soldiers, sailors, and enslaved Africans to attack Havana, one of the wealthiest and most populous ports in the Americas. They met fierce resistance. Spanish soldiers and local militias in Cuba, along with enslaved Africans who were promised freedom, held off the enemy for six suspenseful weeks. In the end, the British prevailed, but more lives were lost in the invasion and subsequent eleven-month British occupation of Havana than during the entire Seven Years' War in North America. The Occupation of Havana offers a nuanced and poignantly human account of the British capture and Spanish recovery of this coveted Caribbean city. The book explores both the interconnected histories of the British and Spanish empires and the crucial role played by free people of color and the enslaved in the creation and defense of Havana. Tragically, these men and women would watch their promise of freedom and greater rights vanish in the face of massive slave importation and increased sugar production upon Cuba's return to Spanish rule. By linking imperial negotiations with events in Cuba and their consequences, Elena Schneider sheds new light on the relationship between slavery and empire at the dawn of the Age of Revolutions.
[引用元：https://uncpress.org/book/9781469645353/the-occupation-of-havana/]
新刊『奴隷の帝国ーどのように奴隷が現代英国を築いたかー』‟Slave Empire: How Slavery Built Modern Britain”
The British empire, in sentimental myth, was more free, more just and more fair than its rivals. But this claim that the British empire was ‘free’ and that, for all its flaws, it promised liberty to all its subjects was never true. The British empire was built on slavery.
Slave Empire puts enslaved people at the centre the British empire in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In intimate, human detail, Padraic Scanlon shows how British imperial power and industrial capitalism were inextricable from plantation slavery. With vivid original research and careful synthesis of innovative historical scholarship, Slave Empire shows that British freedom and British slavery were made together.
[引用元：https://www.hachette.co.uk/titles/padraic-x-scanlan/slave-empire/9781472142320/]
新刊『目で見る歴史－1300年から1700年の召使いと奴隷－』‟Household Servants and Slaves: A Visual History, 1300–1700”
The first book-length study of both images of ordinary household workers and their material culture, Household Servants and Slaves: A Visual History, 1300–1700 covers four hundred years and four continents, facilitating a better understanding of the changes in service that occurred as Europe developed a monetary economy, global trade, and colonialism. Diane Wolfthal presents new interpretations of artists including the Limbourg brothers, Albrecht Dürer, Paolo Veronese, and Diego Velázquez, but also explores numerous long-neglected objects, including independent portraits of ordinary servants, servant dolls and their miniature cleaning utensils, and dummy boards, candlesticks, and tablestands in the form of servants and slaves.
Wolfthal analyzes the intersection of class, race, and gender while also interrogating the ideology of service, investigating both the material conditions of household workers’ lives and the immaterial qualities with which they were associated. If images repeatedly relegated servants to the background, then this book does the reverse: it foregrounds these figures in order to better understand the ideological and aesthetic functions that they served.
[引用元：https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300234879/household-servants-and-slaves/]
新刊『目覚め：女性が主導する奴隷反乱の隠された歴史』”Wake: The Hidden History of Women-Led Slave Revolts”
Women warriors planned and led revolts on slave ships during the Middle Passage. They fought their enslavers throughout the Americas. And then they were erased from history.
Wake tells the “riveting” (Angela Y. Davis) story of Dr. Rebecca Hall, a historian, granddaughter of slaves, and a woman haunted by the legacy of slavery. The accepted history of slave revolts has always told her that enslaved women took a back seat. But Rebecca decides to look deeper, and her journey takes her through old court records, slave ship captain’s logs, crumbling correspondence, and even the forensic evidence from the bones of enslaved women from the “negro burying ground” uncovered in Manhattan. She finds women warriors everywhere.
Using a “remarkable blend of passion and fact, action and reflection” (NPR), Rebecca constructs the likely pasts of Adono and Alele, women rebels who fought for freedom during the Middle Passage, as well as the stories of women who led slave revolts in Colonial New York. We also follow Rebecca’s own story as the legacy of slavery shapes her life, both during her time as a successful attorney and later as a historian seeking the past that haunts her.
[引用元：https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Wake/Rebecca-Hall/9781982115197]
新刊『奴隷の社会学－1655年から1838年のジャマイカにおける黒人社会－』The Sociology of Slavery: Black Society in Jamaica, 1655-1838
Orlando Patterson’s classic study of slavery in Jamaica reveals slavery for what it was: a highly repressive and destructive system of human exploitation, which disregarded and distorted almost all of the basic prerequisites of normal social life. What distinguishes Patterson's account is his detailed description of the lives and culture of slaves under this repressive regime. He analyses the conditions of slave life and work on the plantations, the psychological life of slaves and the patterns and meanings of life and death. He shows that the real-life situation of slaves and enslavers involved a complete breakdown of all major social institutions, including the family, gender relations, religion, trust and morality. And yet, despite the repressiveness and protracted genocide of the regime, slaves maintained some space of their own, and their forced adjustment to white norms did not mean that they accepted them. Slave culture was characterized by a persistent sense of resentment and injustice, which underpinned the day-to-day resistance and large-scale rebellions that were a constant feature of slave society, the last and greatest of which partly accounts for its abolition.
